USAFI NA USALAMA WA CHAKULA NA MAJI

Usafi wa mtayarishaji wa chakula

Osha mikono kwa sabuni na maji yanayotiririka na ya kutosha,
kabla ya kutayarisha chakula au baada ya kutoka chooni.
 Hakikisha usafi wa mwili na nguo.
 Funga vidonda vilivyoko kwenye mikono wakati wa
kutayarisha chakula
.
Usafi wa vyombo

Osha sawasawa vyombo vilivyotumika kutayarishia
vyakula vibichi hasa nyama, samaki, au mayai kabla
ya kuvitumia kutayarishia vyakula vingine.
 Ni muhimu kuwa na kichanja cha kuanikia vyombo.
 Hakikisha sehemu ya kuhifadhi vyombo ni safi na
kavu.

Usafi wa sehemu ya kutayarishia
chakula


Hakikisha jiko au sehemu ya kutayarishia
chakula ni safi.
 Kusanya uchafu na mabaki ya vyakula na
kuyatupa kwenye shimo la taka au kwenye
chombo kilichofunikwa.

Usafi na usalama wa chakula


 Hakikisha vyakula hasa vile vya aina ya nyama,
samaki au mayai vimepikwa na kuiva sawasawa.
 Chakula kiliwe kingali cha moto.
 Osha matunda na mboga-mboga kwa maji safi na
ya kutosha.
Epuka kutumia nafaka au vyakula vilivyooza,
vilivyoota ukungu, au vilivyoharibika
 Epuka kula viporo. Inapobidi kutumia kiporo, ni
muhimu kupasha moto mpaka kichemke.
v Hakikisha hakuna mwingiliano wa vyakula vilivyopikwa na vibichi ili kuepuka kuingiliwa na
vimelea vya maradhi (sibiko).
 Epuka kutumia vyakula vilivyopita muda wa matumizi (expiry date).
 Epuka kununua mayai yenye ufa, mboga-mboga au matunda yaliyoanza kuharibika.

Usafi na usalama wa maji ya kunywa


 Chemsha maji ya kunywa na yahifadhi katika
chombo safi kilichofunikwa.
 Hakikisha chombo kinachotumika kuchotea maji
ya kunywa ni safi na kisitumike kunywea maji.
 Tumia maji yaliyochemshwa kutengenezea juisi
au barafu.

VYAKULA NA PRESHA

  VIJUE VYAKULA VYA MGONJWA WA PRESHA 

Hakuna kitu kibaya kwa mgonjwa kama kula vyakula ambavyo huongeza tatizo alilonaalo bila kujijua. Kwa kuwa tunaamini kwamba, jinsi tulivyo tunatokana na tunavyokula, basi kupona au kuendelea kuugua nako kutategemea sana vyakula tutakavyokula.

Vyakula viko vya aina mbalimbali na kila kimoja kina umuhimu wake katika mwili wa binadamu. Lakini mtu ukishakuwa mgonjwa, hasa wa maradhi sugu kama vile presha, kisukari, ukimwi, n.k, ni lazima ujue vyakula gani unapaswa kula na vyakula gani unapaswa kuviepuka.

Leo tunaangalia vyakula anavyopaswa kuvila ama kuviepuka mgonjwa wa shinikizo la juu la damu (High Blood Pressure). Kama inavyojulikana, maradhi haya hutokana na staili ya maisha anayoishi mtu, vivyo hivyo hata udhibiti wake utategemea na atakavyoishi.

NYAMA NA MAYAI
Nyama na mayai ni adui mkubwa wa mgonjwa wa presha. Ni wagonjwa wangapi wanafahamu kwamba vyakula hivi ni hatari kwa maisha yao na wakaacha kabisa kuvitumia? Naamini ni wachache sana wanaolifahamu hili na kulizingatia, hasa ukizingatia utamu wa vyakula hivyo.

Inaelezwa kuwa katika vyakula ambavyo mgonjwa wa presha akivila huchangia kupandisha presha ni mayai na nyama, hasa ile itokanayo na ng’ombe, mbuzi, nguruwe na nyingine za jamii hiyo.

ZINGATIA VYAKULA HIVI
Ukisha kuwa mgonjwa wa presha, ulaji wa vyakula vitokanavyo na nafaka halisi, matunda na mboga za majani, linakuwa suala la lazima na siyo hiyari. Mgonjwa wa presha anashauriwa kula zaidi vyakula hivyo na kupunguza ulaji wa vyakula vyenye protini nyingi, ikiwemo nyama kama ilivyoolezwa awali.

Katika orodha ndefu ya matunda anayopaswa mgonjwa kula na kupata nafuu, ni pamoja na hii ifutayao, ambayo huweza kutumika pia kama tiba, kwani matunda haya yameonekana kuwa na virutubisho vingi zaidi vinavyoweza kudhibiti presha:

Vitunguu saumu
Kula vitunguu saumu kwa wingi, hutoa nafuu kubwa kwa mgonjwa. Unaweza kula punje mbili hadi tatu kwa siku na kuchanganya kwenye mboga pia.
Limau
Pia penda kula limau mara kwa mara, nalo ni miongoni mwa matunda yanayotoa nafuu kwa mgonjwa wa presha. Limau lina Vitamin P ambayo utaipata kwa kunywa juisi yake au nyama na maganda yake.

Zabibu mbivu
Zabibu nazo zimeorodheshwa miongoni mwa matunda anayotakiwa kula mgonjwa wa presha ili kupata nafuu, nayo yana vitamin P ambayo huzuia kuziba kwa mishipa ya damu.

Tikiti maji
Tikitimaji nalo ni miongoni mwa matunda anayopaswa kula mgonjwa wa presha. Halikadhalika, mbegu za tikiti maji zinaweza kutengenezwa na kuliwa kama dawa inayoweza kumpa nafuu kubwa mgonjwa. Kausha mbegu zake, kisha zikaange, ziliwe mara kwa mara kama karanga.

Mchele
Mchele una kiwango kidogo cha ‘fat’ na pia una kiwango kidogo cha ‘kolestrol’, hivyo kukifanya kuwa chakula bora kwa mgonjwa wa presha. Hivyo wali ni sawa kuliwa na mgonjwa wa presha, hasa ukipata ule mchele usioondolewa virutubisho vyake (brown rice).

Viazi vitamu
Viazi vitamu, hasa vile vya kupika na maganda yake, vinafaa sana kuliwa na mgonjwa wa presha kwani vina madini mengi ya ‘potasiamu’ na havina madini chumvi.

Juisi ya mboga majani
Ulaji wa mchanganyiko wa juisi ya mboga, hasa karoti na mchicha (spinach) ni mzuri sana kwa mgonjwa wa presha, huweza kutumika pia kama tiba. Kunywa glasi moja kutwa mara mbili au tatu.

Kwa kuzingatia ulaji wa vyakula vilivyoainishwa hapo juu na kufanya mazoezi mara kwa mara, mgonjwa wa presha anaweza asisumbuliwe kabisa na tatizo hilo na kujihisi kupona hata bila kutumia dawa. Hata hivyo, hilo linawezekana tu iwapo utajitambua mapema na kuanza kuchukua hatua za ulaji sahihi wa vyakula sasa na siyo baadaye!

ICT FOR DEVELOPMENT

Information and communication technology refers to the general application of information and communication technology within the fields of socio-economic development, international development and human rights. The dominant term used here is ICT4Dev i.e application of technological solutions to the problems of developing words especially poverty reduction .

ICT4Dev may be interpreted as dealing with the disadivantaged populations anywhere in word but is more typically associated with applying information technological approaches through health reduction.

ICT is the central to today’s most modern economies, many international development agencies recognize the importance of ICT e.g Word Bank’s ICT section has about 200 staff members working on ICT issues.

Developing countries lag far behind developed countries in computer use and internet access. E.g averagely ony 1 in 130 people in Africa has a computer ! while in North America and Europe 1 in every 2 people has access to internet and about 90% of students in Africa have never touched a computer.

However local networks can provide access to software and information even without utilizing an internet connection

What should be done? Initiatives and projects on ICT4Dev should be designed and implemented by International Institutions, governments, consultants, non - profit computing and NGO’s in rural areas where technology is the main problem in developing countries.

Challenges; Apart from conducting technological based project still there many obstacles that hinder/hamper the process in rural areas .Projects deploying technology in underdeveloped areas face well known problems specially infrastructure problems.

Also introducing ICTs in these areas is mostly cost hence a need of well funded projects.

Another problem is the selection of software installed on technology instructors trained in one set software e.g UBUNTU can be expected to have difficulty in navigating computers donated with different software e.g window XP.

KEVIN RUGEMALIRA: HEALTH CHALLENGES IN AFRICA

KEVIN RUGEMALIRA: HEALTH CHALLENGES IN AFRICA: Healthcare posses a complex challenges in developing countries interweaving problems of science, health and development. These challenges ...

HEALTH CHALLENGES IN AFRICA

Healthcare posses a complex challenges in developing countries interweaving

problems of science, health and development. These challenges associated with the

health have many healthy problems to people in developing countries especially in

Africa and all these have have lead to poor productivity by the people of these

regions since most of the people die and others fall sick and they do not get the

required treatment.

Most of the health challenges that face the people in Africa include the following:

Prevalence of counterfeit drugs: most of the drugs that come in Africa are made in a

way that is the exact imitation of other valuable drugs with the purpose to deceive

people, this brings about the loss of confidence in all health systems.

Econutrition: Most of the activities are conducted to the extent that they bring about

the environmental damages example of these include the; soil erosion and decrease

in biodiversity, these lead to the lowering of food productivity a lack of food that

results into malnutrition and illness that in turn leads to poor labour productivity

.

Maternal and child undernutrition and Obesity: Maternal and child undernutrtion may

entirely be prevented but still cause about 3.5 child deaths and this is the outcome of

lack of information of which nutrient must be given to the mother and the child and

this leads to the stunting, wasting. Tackling undernutrition is only from pregnancy to

two years of age but soon after this damage on health and brain development by

undernutrition is irreversible.

Also obesity has become a big problem to people in Africa since people lack the

information about nutrition and thus suffer from the so called ‘civilized diseases’ one

of them being obesity.

Global economic crisis; Global recession has reduced the foreign investment in and

demand for export from the developing countries and this leads to unstable comodity

prices, lowers the earnings and reduced access to food forcing people to adopt

cheaper and less balanced diets that leads to higher level of malnutririon.